Suggest one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Suggest one - Essay ExampleThe ch altogetherenges much(prenominal) that LTE devices faces are called VoWLAN. These take the quality of service security challenges. The paper will also discuss various Cloud-RAN technologies which have been apply to solve these turn offs. LTE ISSUES There are three key issues that the devices using LTE technology faces. These include packet loss, foil, jitter and the issues with the accepted wireless security standards. Packet loss It has been realized that the fleck of packets that establishes the destination is always less that the number of packets that were sent. This implies that some packets are lost along the network. The loss are attributed to two major ways. The first is with network packet loss as a result of overflow in the router buffer, transmission error, rerouting and association failures. The other packet loss is as a result of excessive delay (Guan Kolding, & Merz 2010). Delay The sentence that packets take from the source t o the destination is a critical factor. The delay originates from different points such as at the pass catcher, at the network or at the source. The delay that occurring in either the source or the receiver result from coding such at the transformation of a signal from digital to analogue or from analogue to digital (Lorca & Cucala 2013). The delay also accrues as a result of packetization while the transmission, propagation or queuing aims network delay Jitter Jitter is the difference in the time taken by a packet to reach the destination. This issue is really common and the however way to handle it is to use a jet-buffer that contains both high-voltage software base and the hardware. However, the implementation of jet-buffer should be done with intense care as it can cause other delays such as memory over-flows (Fletcher, 2009). Initial IEEE 802.11 MAC layer The original MAC layer used by IEEE 802.11 does not incorporate applications to support voice data especially its sens itivity to delay jitter. This is because the ordinary MAC layer utilizes DCF and PCF to allocate the medium. DCT depends on Carrier Sense Multiple Access with clash avoidance. This property as far as sharing the medium among station is optional in 802.11 RTS/CTS. The issue with DCF is the delay since the packets will wait until the medium is free in case there is a collision. such an incident causes delay since the bandwidth is wasted. This is basically because of absence of Quality of service priority and guarantee for traffic such as data and voice. In addition, when a node detects that the medium is free and start to communicate all the others have to wait until the communicating node frees the medium (Guan, Kolding, & Merz, 2010). PCF is mostly prominent in LTE since it is optional and only uses the infrastructure setups which are linked by a single access point. Cloud RAN capabilities With the rising deal for high data speed, the existing technologies and infrastructure can no longer provide the required military operation at a cost effective level. The current radio access network should be very flexible and able to support various technological standards. It should also be cost effective and simplistic to upgrade. Cloud-RAN has proved to be the solution to all the issues in the LTE (Chang 2013). Cloud-RAN is a modern RAN topology that solves the issues present in the previous technologies. In C-RAN configuration, the baseband processing units are concentrated in a single base